Con esta ley cualquier familiar podría decidir sobre el tratamiento de una persona con alguna condición de salud mental e incluso internarlo sin considerar su voluntad, señalan asociaciones civiles como “Yo También” y “Documenta”
El pasado 24 de marzo la Comisión de Salud del Senado aprobó un dictamen para crear una Ley General de Salud Mental que asociaciones civiles apuntan como violatoria de derechos humanos, al corroborar que no construye servicios de salud mental basados en la inclusión comunitaria y el pleno respeto de derechos humanos.
Estar al tanto de este tipo de iniciativas es un tema que nos compete a todos y no sólo por ser parte de la coyuntura de la pandemia que ha desvelado (aún más) el estado deplorable tanto de la salud pública, como de la salud mental pública en México. Las asociaciones civiles «Documenta» y «Yo También» subrayaron que la toma de decisiones que hizo el Senado en relación a cómo llevar las riendas de la salud mental a través de una Ley, fue por unanimidad, sin discusión de por medio y sin ningún tipo de consulta a la sociedad civil.
La Iniciativa de Ley fue propuesta por las senadoras Alejandra León Gastélum, de Morena; Joel Badilla Peña, Cora Cecilia Pinedo Alonso, Nancy de la Sierra Arámburo, Geovanna del Carmen Bañuelos y Miguel Ángel Lucero Olivas, estos seis últimos son integrantes del Partido del Trabajo (PT). Su objetivo es aprobar durante el segundo periodo extraordinario de sesiones del Congreso una iniciativa de Ley General de Salud Mental. La iniciativa ha sido liderada por la senadora Geovanna del Carmen Bañuelos, quien a recientes fechas ha ofrecido reuniones de trabajo con organizaciones que, tras su asistencia, resumieron que sólo es una mera pantalla que intenta ocultar que la voz de defensores de derechos humanos fue ignorada al aprobar la iniciativa.
Justo los defensores de derechos humanos, han insistido en que dicha legislación debe ser detenida por la gravedad de algunos de sus planteamientos, pues básicamente promueve un modelo de atención basado en una visión biomédica que invisibiliza y aísla a las personas usuarias por verlas como objetos de tratamiento y no como sujetos de derechos, además de que viola derechos como el derecho a la igualdad y la no discriminación, al igual reconocimiento como persona ante la ley, los derechos a la libertad y seguridad, a la integridad personal y a brindar consentimiento informado previo a cualquier intervención.
Las personas usuarias y ex usuarias de los servicios de salud mental, colectivos y organizaciones defensoras son quienes han velado por los intereses de la ciudadanía al oponerse a la aprobación de dicha ley. Para ello, han exigido que sea detenida y, en su lugar, se escuche su propuesta de reformar la Ley General de Salud para construir servicios de salud mental basados en la inclusión comunitaria y el pleno respeto de derechos humanos.
Incluso Diana Sheinbaum Lerner, coordinadora del Programa de Discapacidad y Justicia de Documenta, comentó en entrevista para diferentes medios que su organización redactó una carta en la que buscó firmas de adhesión para parar los intentos de avance de esta ley, al considerar la continuidad que impulsa de un modelo de atención en el que las personas usuarias del sistema de salud cuentan con limitados derechos fundamentales, como lo es el decidir sobre su propio tratamiento. Sheinbaum Lerner enfatizó que con esta ley cualquier familiar podría decidir sobre el tratamiento de una persona con alguna condición de salud mental e incluso internarlo sin considerar su voluntad.
Sin embargo, sí existen opciones toda vez que la misma Constitución mexicana lo avala a través del marco de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, sin contar que también es avalada por el Estado Mexicano. Por ello, los defensores en derechos humanos al tanto de la iniciativa señalan que la iniciativa no sólo es violatoria del artículo 12 sobre la capacidad jurídica, sino también en lo relacionado al número 14, que señala que no se puede privar de la libertad a una persona por tener una discapacidad.
Cuando el internamiento no es la única alternativa terapéutica, cuestionar este tipo de iniciativas forma parte de exigir servicios adecuados y respetuosos de los derechos de quienes los necesitan. Sin embargo, en México el eje de atención de salud mental ha sido por años el del hospital psiquiátrico, que es un modelo de asilo. Diana Sheinbaum señala que la transición puede darse más allá del marco normativo, no necesariamente a través de una reforma legislativa sino en la práctica con servicios de salud mental que se integren al primer nivel de atención.
Con primer nivel de atención se hace referencia a que sin importar en qué parte o estado de la República Mexicana se viva, toda persona cuente con acceso a la salud y que en cada centro sanitario, se cuente con acceso a tratamientos y atención indicada en materia de salud mental, especialmente cuando la salud mental, no va separada de la física, hecho que la iniciativa de Ley sigue sin tomar en cuenta.
Gabriela Estrada Espínola es licenciada en Comunicación por la Universidad Simón Bolívar y Maestra en Periodismo sobre Políticas Públicas por el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, CIDE. Ha colaborado en diversos medios y agencias de publicidad. Twitter: @GabaMaiden
En Sucursal Fauces, tus donaciones son de gran ayuda para continuar haciendo lo que tanto nos gusta, investigar para ti, ofreciéndote un fresco y nuevo periodismo sobre salud mental pública.
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