Debe existir una consulta y acercamiento a la gente para saber sus problemáticas, tarea de la que ya existen talleres con dispositivos de información que intervienen, forman e integran a las personas en respeto a sus garantías individuales
Atender 24/7 a familiares con discapacidad psicosocial puede resultar totalmente imposible en miles de hogares mexicanos, por lo que el Estado mexicano está obligado a generar condiciones para que las personas puedan decidir cómo, con quién y de qué manera tomar las riendas de su vida, para los que debe existir una política de estado y no dejar toda la responsabilidad en las familias, comentó Carlos Ríos Espinosa, investigador de Human Rights Watch para W Radio el pasado 27 de julio.
Finalmente la iniciativa de Ley de Salud Mental promovida por la bancada del Partido del Trabajo no logró colarse en sesión extraordinaria al Pleno del Senado el pasado 28 de julio en gran parte gracias a personas, organizaciones no gubernamentales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil que luchan y están al día sobre el tema como lo son Documenta, Cencos, Yo También, Clínica Condesa, Disability Rights International (DRI México), entre otras.
Sin embargo, el hablar sobre salud mental a través de leyes y de políticas públicas más claras a penas comienza a esbozarse en el panorama mexicano cuando el regularla se convierte en un diálogo previo que ayude a conocer a fondo el entorno que rodea al tema, sus implicaciones e impactos y dónde se ponen los dineros, pues en salud mental se gasta poco y se gasta mal. Al respecto, Ángel Salvador, coordinador de Prevención de la Tortura en la organización civil Documenta expuso que: «Hay que dar importancia al primer nivel de atención y tomar en cuenta que se necesitan ley y buenas políticas públicas, así como inversión en salud mental, especialmente cuando sólo el 2% del presupuesto de salud se destina a salud mental».
Conforme a Carlos Ríos, gran parte de ese 2% se invierte en psiquiátricos, como si todo el problema residiera en la institucionalización de las personas, cuando existen otras aristas como el que una persona pueda tener una dificultad psicosocial y requiera ese tipo de apoyo, mas no de internamiento y para ello se requiere que el presupuesto agendado se distribuya en los lugares necesarios.
Por su parte, el especialista en justicia para personas con discapacidad, Víctor Lizama enfatiza que el proceso de iniciativa de Ley de Salud Mental puede comenzar en el Senado, pero debe existir una consulta y acercamiento a la gente para saber sus problemáticas, tarea de la que ya existen herramientas que fortalecen esos vínculos de comunicación como lo son los talleres con dispositivos de información que intervienen, forman e integran a las personas en respeto a sus garantías individuales, de otra forma sólo sería simulación.
Políticas Públicas en Salud Mental
La lección que dejó la batalla a favor de una salud mental con derechos es que se requiere de una política integral de respeto a éstos, para lo que se requiere una visión más amplia no solamente en casos graves, pues hay matices que deben ser atendidos evitando a toda costa el ir en contra de la dignidad de las personas. De haberse aprobado la Ley Bañuelos en el Senado, Ríos Espinosa comentó que ello hubiera implicado problemas de afectación a la libertad de las personas, la ausencia de derechos humanos y detenciones arbitrarias con el mero hecho de que alguien considerara que una persona tuviera un trastorno, al grado en que la privación de su libertad fuese de manera indefinida por parte del sector salud por más de 72 horas.
Otra tarea que deja el paro a la iniciativa Bañuelos es el tema de derecho a la salud mental de personas que se encuentran institucionalizadas en centros psiquiátricos, que además es actualmente peligroso al encontrarnos en medio de la pandemia de coronavirus. Dichas personas tienen derecho a vivir e incluirse en la comunidad, además de hacerlo en favor de su salud física y mental, por lo que la reforma que se logre en algún momento debe involucrar a todos los actores, como lo es el sector salud que en ningún momento dió su opinión en relación a la Ley Bañuelos, incluso cuando estuvo a un día de colarse al periodo extraordinario en el Senado.
Como tal la Ley General de Salud sólo dedica un párrafo a la Salud Mental y el tiempo para discutir sobre estos temas ha llegado e involucra también a quienes se encuentran en los ramos de la salud, de la academia, a los expertos, a las ONG´s y a las OSC.
Conforme a éstos últimos las iniciativas de ley relacionadas a la salud mental deben contar con un proceso de consulta extensa, que evite los internamientos involuntarios, a manera de que las políticas públicas relacionadas sean basadas en derechos humanos, así como en la visión de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que comparte que las personas con discapacidades psicosociales pueden recobrar el significado y el sentido de su vida a través del proceso de recuperación y no de que son enfermos con síntomas psiquiátricos que no saben qué hacer de su vida y que por eso se les va a internar y abusar de ellos.
En ese sentido, Ríos Espinosa, señaló que es la inclusión con derechos y no sólo mirada médica y biomédica de tratamiento la que puede dar un enfoque más amplio para el que se necesita tiempo y estudios de cómo se logra cambiar política pública violaciones en contra de voluntad de las personas y en la legislación de la salud mental queda pendiente la Ley de Prevención del Suicidio que promovió la senadora Mónica Fernández Balboa en septiembre de 2019.
Gabriela Estrada Espínola es licenciada en Comunicación por la Universidad Simón Bolívar y Maestra en Periodismo sobre Políticas Públicas por el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, CIDE. Ha colaborado en diversos medios y agencias de publicidad. Twitter: @GabaMaiden
En Sucursal Fauces, tus donaciones son de gran ayuda para continuar haciendo lo que tanto nos gusta, investigar para ti, ofreciéndote un fresco y nuevo periodismo sobre salud mental pública.
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128 respuestas a «Razones por las que tu salud mental y derechos humanos van de la mano»
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